Four diseases transmitted from animals to humans will kill 12 times as many people in 2050 than they did in 2020, researchers fear.
Experts from US biotech company Ginkgo Bioworks have called for ‘urgent action’ to address the risk to global public health.
Human epidemics caused by zoonotic diseases — also known as spillovers — could be more frequent in the future due to climate change and deforestation, they warned.
Both factors mean humans coming into contact with animals more frequently.
The team’s analysis looked at historic trends for four particular viral pathogens.
Four diseases transmitted from animals to humans will kill 12 times as many people in 2050 than they did in 2020, researchers fear
These were filoviruses, which include Ebola and Marburg, SARS (Covid’s cousin), Nipah, and machupo (which causes Bolivian haemorrhagic fever).
The study did not include Covid, which caused the global pandemic in 2020 and is likely to have originated in bats.
It looked at more than 3,000 outbreaks between 1963-2019, identifying 75 spillover events in 24 countries.
The database covered epidemics reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), and outbreaks occurring since 1963 that killed 50 or more people.
The events caused 17,232 deaths, with 15,771 caused by filoviruses and occurring mostly in Africa.
Researchers said epidemics have been increasing by almost 5 per cent every year.
‘If these annual rates of increase continue, we would expect the analysed pathogens to cause four times the number of spillover events and 12 times the number of deaths in 2050 than in 2020,’ they added.
Researchers also suggested the figures are likely to be an underestimate due to the strict inclusion criteria for the pathogens in the analysis.
They said the evaluation of evidence suggests recent epidemics sparked by zoonotic spillovers ‘are not an aberration or random cluster’ but follow ‘a multi-decade trend in which spillover-driven epidemics have become both larger and more frequent’.
The team added that ‘urgent action is needed to address a large and growing risk to global health’ based on historical trends.
The findings were published in the journal BMJ Global Health.
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